Once upon a time the Phoenix. Everyone was talking about, but no one had ever seen. And there is now an updated version of which also all talk and no one knows what it is: called Pastoral.
1 - The word - Let me be clear: the word itself is not a problem, as evident from its derivation feeding: a verb that comes from the Latin word pabulum (pasture, food), from which it takes a family life not very numerous, but well detectable in blood components: Pasco, in fact, in the sense of leading to pasture and feed; pastum , including a clear cast is Italian meal, but can also lead to food; pastor, indicating that leads into pabulum, it provides food and keeps flocks and herds. Pastor in turn becomes the father of pastoricia ars, in Italian pastoralism, or the art of those who feed livestock; of pasture, with the meaning of open pasture, and pastu-or pastoral, already present in the late Latin to describe the dress, food, customs, the language of the shepherd. Does not follow, however, pasteurization, or proceeding for the conservation of liquid elements, such as milk, because the word comes from French pastoriser , resulting in turn from L. Pasteur (1822-1895), its inventor.
[...] Pastoral came early in the ecclesiastical jargon, to describe three of the Pauline letters, or activity of the evangelists and their teaching, or the insignia of bishops, such as ring, bacolo, the letters. More recently, but not modern, is the use of pastoral theology with reference to e con orientamento non dogmatico; in origine anzi fu antidogmatico . Al di fuori del gergo ecclesiastico, però, un uomo di media cultura molto facilmente collegherà pastorale alla ninfa della poesia arcadica, al componimento poetico d’origine provenzale e contenuto amoroso, all’egloga virgiliana, al dramma “L’Aminta” di T. Tasso ed alla musica di carattere semplice e tenero, con specifica tipizzazione nella “sesta” di Beethoven.
2 – La parola nel Vaticano II – Dopo uno spettro semantico di tale ampiezza, l’allusione alla sconosciuta ed invisibile Araba Fenice potrebbe apparire insostenibile per evidente contraddizione. Se non che, il condizionale “potrebbe” è neutralizzato dall’assenza nei documenti conciliari d’una ragione sufficiente che lo giustifichi. Dico “ragione sufficiente”, perché se dicessi che nei documenti conciliari è assente la “parola”, darei la dimostrazione d’una crassa ed imperdonabile ignoranza del Vaticano II. La “parola” non solo c’è, ma abbonda; anzi caratterizza il Vaticano II nella sua specificità di Concilio ecumenico di fronte ai venti Concili che lo precedono. Il Vaticano II parla, infatti, d’ azione pastorale in genere , e più direttamente d’ attività pastorali ; individua varie pastoral needs and, in front of them, called for the establishment and mutual cooperation in various pastoral subsidies, not including failing to report the planning and organization of "courses, convention centers and related libraries for the Pastoral Studies be entrusted to people who are highly capable. " In order to extend within a radius of the widest possible pastoral sensitivity and the appropriate skills, the Vatican requires bishops to "study by themselves or inter-system level best" to ensure the priests, "especially a few years after their ordination, "the proper study of pastoral methods. Because a strong contribution to apostolic Church can also be the secular front, the Council calls on the bishops to choose priests endowed with the necessary and convenient form, which in turn give adequate training to lay and then entrust them special tasks' s pastoral . And because "the unity of purpose among priests and bishops always make more fruitful pastoral activity", it calls for a regular meeting of the clergy, extended to other members of the Church's organization, "to deal with pastoral issues " .
to the Episcopal Conferences of individual nations, can be highly recommended to have a heart and promote the pastoral formation of clergy by " Pastoral Institute in collaboration with suitably chosen parishes, conferences, journals, appropriate exercises." Could not avoid a reference to "competent territorial ecclesiastical authority" for the establishment of an Institute "of liturgical " which is worth d '"experts in liturgy, music, art and sacred ministry." These data show that Phoenix is \u200b\u200bat home in the Vatican, but the Vatican does not say what or who he is.
Who "supports and cares for the people of God" is also encouraged to embody the good shepherd who lays down his life for his sheep (Jn 10:11) "and follow" the example of those priests that our times did not hesitate to sacrifice themselves for their flock. " In short, in urging the clergy to be from day to day instrument for a more suitable service to the people of God, the Vatican explicitly states that its mission ministry promises "a renewal within the Church, the spread of 'tutt'il gospel in the world and the establishment of a dialogic relationship with it " . Such a purpose is clearly to a fundamental idea, for at least a rudimentary notion of pastoral soon overshadowed: by dialogical relationship with the world of a renewed Church in its methods of evangelization ed'apostolato. Here, a bit 'vaguely, a phoenix begins to be well known.
and tant'insistenza This is not surprising. E 'rather a statement of loyalty and obedience to the master lines that Pope Roncalli, 11 October 1962 prospectus for the Fathers officially opening the great conciliar assembly: while putting the doctrine to the top of the works council, they diversified with respect to the methodology past. Before the Church does not shrink from condemning, severe and firm. Today the severity prefer the medicine of mercy. For Pope John, then, especially in the face of humanity caught in so many difficulties, the Church should have shown the good side of the patient benevolent Mother, foster human development expanding the spaces of love, spreading peace and love peace harmony. Thus the features of the Phoenix, but still remained undefined, mingle with those of the patient and good mother.
A confirmation of Roncalli, Pope Paul VI, nell'omilia of December 7 1965 for the ninth session of the Council, declared that the Church has a heart, along with the kingdom of heaven, man and the world, is indeed in the entire function of man and the world, being the intimate link between the Catholic religion and human life, so that of man and mankind the Catholic religion is true to life itself, with its sublime doctrine, to the maternal care which accompanies man toward his ultimate end, because that gives him the means to achieve it. Yet another pastoral letter of intent, which, while remaining within the limits of the generic, not yet discovered the face or the lineaments of the Phoenix.
However, on the pastoral Second, no doubt and no discussion. Vatican II was not just because they did not have to be, a dogmatic council and all in all not regulate. Just wanted to be pastoral. Yet despite the many internal and external interventions, the true meaning of its Pastoral Statement is still in the fog.
3 - A concept is not defined - I indicated just above the facets of the pastoral council. The pastoral as adjective or noun used as an adjective, in fact, dozens of times. Not one, however, to give them if not defining, at least a hint of explanation. I recognize that critical analysis le varie dichiarazioni, è possibile farsene una vaga idea; essa, però, non sarebbe espressione diretta dell’insegnamento conciliare.
L’esempio più probante è dato da Gaudium et spes , qualificata addirittura come “ Costituzione pastorale ”, tutta essendo un fermento ideale e propositivo a favore dell’uomo, della sua libertà e dignità, della sua presenza nella famiglia, nella società, nella cultura e nel mondo, allo scopo di conferire alla vita privata e pubblica un respiro ed una dimensione a misura umana. L’abbinamento dei due lemmi – Costituzione pastorale - è la novità più novità around the Vatican, it was for the same Council Fathers, who first discussed several other names for approval. The only justification for pairing occurs in the note that follows the document the unusual title, described as "pastoral" and because, "relying on doctrinal principles, aims to present the Church's attitude toward the world and men of 'today', or because you compenetran doctrinaire attitude and principles to each other. You should assume that the attitude is always in question and the practical application of doctrinal principles. But it remains a problem of understanding such as: perhaps the sociological, political, economic, but, at least directly, not the Gospels.
The reference to 'man in the world and calls for both the native finitude, the creature, temporality, dynamism, constant evolution, on which hangs the sword of Damocles of a can always decline. This gives evidence to their condition variable and contingent, but also to the problematic nature of the practical application of those principles that are largely doctrinal absolutes and unreformable. Also note that a warning signal and the aporia, but not resolved. Indeed, the more complicated at the same time declaring that "the Constitution must be interpreted according to general theological hermeneutics, taking into account the changing circumstances ... they are intrinsically linked to the matters dealt with. " In fact, if the ministry were to consist in this ballet so-and-no, a definition would be impossible. It 'said that the quota should apply the doctrine of unquestionable, but if codest'applicazione quota reduced to the doctrine or renders unquestionable and absolute quota, an upset the other element: Yes hand in hand with the no. I understand why already in the council GS the text was discussed more and more hindered, which just won him the assignment to committees and subcommittees, ed altrettanto poco il passaggio attraverso ben quattro riformulazioni: la difficoltà, al limite della hibris , è nell’affermazione simultanea del sì e del no.
E’ forse dipeso da questa irrisolta aporia la problematicità che accompagna tuttora, dopo circa mezzo secolo di postconcilio, ogni discorso sulla pastorale. In pratica, essa serve per legittimar un po’ tutto ed il suo stesso contrario. Le due ermeneutiche conciliari, alle quali s’è spesso riferita l’analisi del Santo Padre, quella che fa del Vaticano II l’inizio d’un nuovo modo d’esser Chiesa e quella che lo collega invece alla vivente Tradizione ecclesiale, son ambedue entitled dall'irrisolta aporia. In the two hermeneutics, in fact, Vatican II:
- assume, on the doctrinal, the appearance and value of a dogmatic council: one makes
- at the pastoral level, appears as an undifferentiated container from his own pastoral quality, a sort of "free hitter" for pastoral reasons, which are allowed to say yes and no simultaneously.
a super-council, the other synthesis All of the previous doctrinal councils;
urgently required at this point, a calm and objective opinion on the overall quality Vatican II, who rashly and naively pastoral area was closed.
4 - The four levels of the Vatican - Those familiar not only with the GS, but With all sixteen conciliar documents, is well aware that the thematic variety and the corresponding methodology place the Vatican on four levels, qualitatively distinct
- that generation, the ecumenical council as ecumenical council;
- that specific cut pastoral
- that the appeal to other councils;
- to innovation.
On the generic, the Vatican II ha tutte le carte in regola per esser un autentico Concilio della Chiesa cattolica: il 21° della serie. Ne discende un magistero conciliare, cioè supremo e solenne. La qual cosa di per sé non depone per la dogmaticità ed infallibilità dei suoi asserti; anzi nemmeno la comporta, avendola in partenza allontanata dal proprio orizzonte.
Sul piano specifico la qualifica di pastorale ne giustifica i vastissimi interessi, non pochi dei quali eccedenti l’ambito della Fede e della teologia: p. es. la comunicazione sociale, la tecnologia, l’efficientismo della società contemporanea, la politica, la pace, la guerra, la vita economico-sociale. Anche questo livello appartien all’insegnamento balance and is therefore the supreme and solemn, but not entitled to the subject matter and how to treat non-dogmatic, valid in themselves infallible and unreformable.
The call to some of the teachings of previous Councils is the third level. It 's a call sometimes direct and explicit ( LG 1 " praecedentium Conciliorum argumento instans " LG 18: "Vatican Councils first vestiges premens " DV 1: "The Vatican Conciliorum Tridentini et inhaerens vestigiis "), sometimes indirect and implicit, which incorporates verità già definite: p. es. la natura della Chiesa, la sua struttura gerarchica, la successione apostolica, la giurisdizione universale del Papa, l’incarnazione del Verbo, la redenzione, l’infallibilità della Chiesa e del magistero ecclesiastico, la vita eterna dei buoni e l’eterna condanna dei cattivi. Sotto questo aspetto, il Vaticano II gode d’un’incontestabile validità dogmatica, senz’esser per questo un Concilio dogmatico, essendo la sua una dogmaticità di riflesso, propria dei testi conciliari citati.
Le innovazioni costituiscono il quarto livello. Se si guarda allo spirito che guidò il Concilio, si potrebbe affermare ch’esso was all fourth level, it was animated by a spirit radically innovative, even where he tried his roots in tradition. Some innovations are, however, specific the collegiality of bishops, the absorption of Tradition in Holy Scripture, the limitation of the inspiration and biblical inerrancy, the strange relations with the Jewish and Islamic world, the forces have the so-called religious freedom . It 's all too clear that if there is a level at which the quality is not absolutely dogmatic recognizable, it is precisely those of the new council.
5 - Conclusion - Membership al Vaticano II è, per quanto sopra esposto, qualitativamente articolata. In quanto tutti e quattro i descritti livelli esprimono un magistero conciliare, tutti e quattro pongono al singolo ed alle comunità cristiano-cattoliche il dovere d’un’adesione, che non necessariamente sarà sempre “di Fede”. Questa va soltanto alle verità del terzo livello e solo in quanto provengono da altri Concili, sicuramente dogmatici. Agli altri tre livelli è doveroso riservare una religiosa e rispettosa accoglienza, fino a che qualcuno dei loro asserti non urti contro la perenne attualità della Tradizione per evidente rottura con l’ “ eodem sensu eademque sententia ” di qualche sua variante formale. The dissent in this case, especially if clear and reasoned, does not determine either heresy or error. On the second level, the ministry, you just think, as I mentioned in note 19, the Council Fathers did not know the mortgage enlightened by them paid with the opening of a pastoral council which, from the beginning, according to the logic on which it depended Enlightenment, God had given him tripped to replace 'man and sometimes to identify the same God in man was in fact the pastoral care of the eighteenth century. to get behind the reasons, sources, contents and methods of dogmatic theology. And to open the doors of the fortress to the primacy of natural theology, of the rational, of the storm, the sociologist.
This does not say that Vatican II's pastoral ministry is the same of the eighteenth century. But who would be either naive or uninformed, not to assert their identity, deny their every relationship. Even in the Vatican the matrix of the Enlightenment remained pastoral, albeit differently expressed and justified. To remove it from the quicksand of the Enlightenment was Paul VI who, in the second period opening balance, the ball moved in a romantic, to become "a bridge to the modern world", communicating with it "his inner life-giving vitality as a phenomenon ... and instrument of salvation of the world same. " The Phoenix became a bridge, a coefficient of life, a means of salvation. Without loss, however, his relationship with the matrix of the Enlightenment, through the neo-modernist of his supporters. no coincidence that a pastoral theology thus understood the moves taken the secularization that has also triumphed in this post-conciliar phase. And if ignorance of its past depends on the undecided concept of pastoral care, from its original relationship with them would depend on the absurdity of dogmatic of a council that calls itself simply pastoral. The Phoenix thus reveals his face. All in all, it would be better if he continued to hide it.
Brunero Gherardini
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